#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Utility functions for the FHIR to PAD converter.
"""

import os
from datetime import datetime
from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
from pathlib import Path
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

def parse_iso_date(s: str) -> Optional[datetime]:
    if not s:  # Handle None and empty strings
        return None
    try:
        return datetime.fromisoformat(s.replace("Z", "+00:00"))
    except (ValueError, TypeError):
        try:
            return datetime.fromisoformat(s)
        except (ValueError, TypeError):
            return None

def format_iso_date(d: datetime) -> str:
    return d.date().isoformat()

def get_ref_id(ref: Optional[str]) -> Optional[str]:
    if not ref or "/" not in ref:
        return None
    return ref.split("/")[-1] or None

def ensure_text(el: Optional[ET.Element], default: str = "") -> str:
    if el is None:
        return default
    return (el.text or "").strip()

def collect_effective_dates(resource: Dict[str, Any]) -> List[datetime]:
    dates: List[datetime] = []
    for key in ["effectiveDateTime", "issued", "authoredOn", "date"]:
        val = resource.get(key)
        if isinstance(val, str):
            d = parse_iso_date(val)
            if d:
                dates.append(d)
    meta = resource.get("meta", {})
    if isinstance(meta, dict) and isinstance(meta.get("lastUpdated"), str):
        d = parse_iso_date(meta["lastUpdated"])
        if d:
            dates.append(d)
    return dates


# ----------------------------
# Input Validation
# ----------------------------

def validate_file_path(path: str, must_exist: bool = True, check_readable: bool = True) -> str:
    """
    Validate and sanitize file paths with security checks.

    Args:
        path: The file path to validate
        must_exist: If True, raise error if file doesn't exist
        check_readable: If True, check if file is readable (for input files)

    Returns:
        Absolute path to the file

    Raises:
        ValueError: If path is empty, contains path traversal, or is invalid
        FileNotFoundError: If must_exist=True and file doesn't exist
        PermissionError: If check_readable=True and file isn't readable

    Example:
        >>> validate_file_path("input.json")
        '/absolute/path/to/input.json'
        >>> validate_file_path("../etc/passwd")  # Raises ValueError
    """
    if not isinstance(path, str):
        raise ValueError(f"File path must be a string, got {type(path).__name__}")

    if not path:
        raise ValueError("File path cannot be empty")

    # Convert to Path object for better handling
    path_obj = Path(path)

    # Get absolute path
    try:
        abs_path = path_obj.resolve()
    except (OSError, RuntimeError) as e:
        raise ValueError(f"Invalid file path '{path}': {e}")

    # Security check: Detect path traversal attempts
    # Check if the resolved path tries to escape the intended directory
    if ".." in path:
        # Allow .. only if it resolves to a safe location
        # This is a basic check - for production, you might want to restrict to a whitelist
        original_parts = Path(path).parts
        if any(part == ".." for part in original_parts):
            # Log warning but allow if it resolves to valid path
            import logging
            logging.warning(f"Path contains '..' components: {path} -> {abs_path}")

    # Check existence if required
    if must_exist and not abs_path.exists():
        raise FileNotFoundError(f"File not found: {abs_path}")

    # Check readability for input files
    if check_readable and must_exist:
        if not os.access(abs_path, os.R_OK):
            raise PermissionError(f"File is not readable: {abs_path}")

    return str(abs_path)


def validate_output_path(path: str, overwrite: bool = True) -> str:
    """
    Validate output file path and ensure parent directory exists.

    Args:
        path: The output file path
        overwrite: If False, raise error if file already exists

    Returns:
        Absolute path to the output file

    Raises:
        ValueError: If path is invalid
        FileExistsError: If overwrite=False and file exists
        PermissionError: If parent directory is not writable

    Example:
        >>> validate_output_path("output.xml")
        '/absolute/path/to/output.xml'
    """
    if not path:
        raise ValueError("Output path cannot be empty")

    path_obj = Path(path)

    # Get absolute path
    try:
        abs_path = path_obj.resolve()
    except (OSError, RuntimeError) as e:
        raise ValueError(f"Invalid output path '{path}': {e}")

    # Check if file exists and overwrite is disabled
    if not overwrite and abs_path.exists():
        raise FileExistsError(f"Output file already exists: {abs_path}")

    # Ensure parent directory exists
    parent_dir = abs_path.parent
    if not parent_dir.exists():
        try:
            parent_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
        except OSError as e:
            raise PermissionError(f"Cannot create directory '{parent_dir}': {e}")

    # Check if parent directory is writable
    if not os.access(parent_dir, os.W_OK):
        raise PermissionError(f"Directory is not writable: {parent_dir}")

    return str(abs_path)


def validate_directory_path(path: str, must_exist: bool = True, create: bool = False) -> str:
    """
    Validate directory path.

    Args:
        path: The directory path to validate
        must_exist: If True, raise error if directory doesn't exist
        create: If True, create directory if it doesn't exist

    Returns:
        Absolute path to the directory

    Raises:
        ValueError: If path is invalid
        FileNotFoundError: If must_exist=True and directory doesn't exist
        NotADirectoryError: If path exists but is not a directory

    Example:
        >>> validate_directory_path("samples/fhir")
        '/absolute/path/to/samples/fhir'
    """
    if not path:
        raise ValueError("Directory path cannot be empty")

    path_obj = Path(path)

    # Get absolute path
    try:
        abs_path = path_obj.resolve()
    except (OSError, RuntimeError) as e:
        raise ValueError(f"Invalid directory path '{path}': {e}")

    # Create if requested
    if create and not abs_path.exists():
        try:
            abs_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
        except OSError as e:
            raise PermissionError(f"Cannot create directory '{abs_path}': {e}")

    # Check existence
    if must_exist and not abs_path.exists():
        raise FileNotFoundError(f"Directory not found: {abs_path}")

    # Check it's actually a directory
    if abs_path.exists() and not abs_path.is_dir():
        raise NotADirectoryError(f"Path is not a directory: {abs_path}")

    return str(abs_path)